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Martin Luther and His Hymn A Mighty Fortress is Our God

â€Å"A mighty fortress is our God, a bulwark never failing; Our helper He, amid the flood of mortal ills prevailing.† Here is the classic English translation of the first two lines of Martin Luthers famous hymn â€Å"A Mighty Fortress is Our God.â€Å" Indeed, it is famous among Christians who unashamedly identify themselves with the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, which until today continually inspires them to appreciate their roots in the ancient paths (Jeremiah 6:16) of biblical Christianity over against that which is only built on man-made traditions. My Mighty Fortress â€Å"That hymn is more than a piece of music; it is an event in European history,† says a church historian. But at a more personal level, it also reflects some of†¦show more content†¦They kidnapped him at Fredericks command for fear that he would be assassinated by his enemies. Right there and then at Wartburg, he knew he was in a real spiritual conflict with the devil primarily because he was translating the New Testament into the German vernacular. The written Word of God translated in the language of the masses would be more than a double-edged sword to this archenemy of God. This was probably what Luther had in mind when he added another line to his hymn, saying, â€Å"We will not fear, for God hath willed His truth to triumph through us.† Luther had a first hand knowledge of how Gods truth triumphed through him as he gradually abandoned his allegiance to the uncontested authority of the pope, the Church councils and traditions. Like John Wycliffe and John Hus before him, he committed himself to the final authority of Holy Scripture alone as the only reliable and therefore authoritative written record of Gods Word to His people (i.e., historic Protestantisms commitment to sola Scriptura). From that time on he would find himself engaged in a series of heated debates with the defenders of the Roman Catholic tradition. The Body They May Kill Since then, Luther had been aware that God called him to take the road least travelled, namely the narrow and slippery road of martyrdom. So much so that he was able to add to the hymn, LetShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1029 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 16th century that was against the Roman Catholic and its way of controlling things. Martin Luther, a reformer along with John Calvin and Henchurches VII. Luther may have had full faith in God, but he also had fear in him and his powers. They questioned the authority of the church and argued over political and religious powers in the hands of the bible. Martin Luther was the starter of it all. Martin Luther was a German monk who decided to start the Reformation. In 1517 he sent out a paper withRead MoreMartin Luther Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther (November 10, 1483 - February 18, 1546) was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk whose teachings inspired the Protestant Reformation and deeply influenced the doctrines of Protestant and other Christian traditions. Martin Luther was born to Hans and Margaretha Luther on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Germany and was baptised the next day on the feast of St. Martin of Tours, after whom he was named. Luthers call to the Church to return to the teachings of the Bible resulted inRead MoreMartin Luther And The Protestant Reformation1879 Words   |  8 PagesMartin Luther was not only one of the most significant figures in the Protestant Reformation, but he also developed his own denomination of followers. While many say that Luther was breaking away from the Catholic Church to establish a rival church, yet Luther challenged the authority of the church quietly. His arguments did not focus the attention on himself, but wholly on God. Martin Luther is considered the initiator of the Protestant Reformation as he realized the corruption in the Catholic Church

Health Advancement and Promotion Method

Question: Discuss about the Health Advancement and Promotion Method. Answer: Introduction: Unhealthy diet poses health risks and contributes to the burden of disease. It paves a way to many disorders with negative health outcomes like overweight, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and prone to heart disorders. According to World Heart Federation, there are approximately 16 million and 1.7 million deaths due to low consumption of vegetable and fruits (1). According to World Health Organization (WHO), there is high consumption of trans-fatty acids and saturated fats that is greatly linked to the heart diseases like coronary heart disease (2). According to a report released by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), in Australia, there is consumption of around 32 kg of chocolates in a year studied in 40,000 Australians. On a score of 100, Australia ranked 61 in the CSIROs Health Diet Score Survey (3). The young people are more addicted to consumption of unhealthy food items like burgers, pizzas and high calorigenic foods. They are addicted to sedentary lifestyle with lack of physical exercise and less consumption of nutritional foods. This poor diet is a major global health concern that is affecting the lives of millions of people and is the greatest risk to health worldwide. According to WHO report on unhealthy diet, there is high amount of salt intake and fat intake that is linked to risk for cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes (4). The European Region has the highest amount of fat consumption like saturated fatty acids (SFA) with more than 40% total intake. The high unhealthy diet consumption worldwide calls for high priority to address this health issue on a global basis. As the statistics show that people worldwide are highly addicted to unhealthy foods with low consumption of vegetables and fruits, this heath behaviour is highly important and also contributing to the burden of disease. The Health belief Model (HBM) is an approach to health behaviour change that contribute to the prevention and management of this health behaviour of unhealthy diet consumption. According to HBM, when people participate in healthy behaviours like healthy eating that are greatly influenced by beliefs, there is likelihood of an action that would result into a perceived benefit. This benefit would increase and overcome the barriers or resistance to action providing positive health outcomes based on their health beliefs (5). The method adopted for conducting the interview was a face-to-face personal interview. This method was conducted via a survey that helped to target a specific person for the interview who fulfilled the criteria. This method helped to explore the responses of the person that assisted in gathering of deeper information. Personal interview is a qualitative method helps to observe the behaviour of the interviewee and probes the answers of them (6). The personal interview was recorded and the information of the interviewee was kept confidential and anonymous. After the recording of the interview, the recording was analyzed. Further, the recorded interview was analysed based on HBM and each construct of the model was utilised to identify the relevant information that is gathered from the interviewee. This method was useful in showing high response rates as the questions were asked live related to the subject. The recording of the interview helped to analyse the behaviour of the interviewee that inclined him or her to pursue this health behaviour (7). The interviewee was a twenty-year old college girl pursuing her bachelors. She is 4 foot 6 inches and weighs 60 kg. According to body mass index (BMI) calculator, she is overweight with a BMI of 29.8 and the normal BMI is 24.9 (8). She is highly addicted to unhealthy diet like pizzas, burgers and high carbohydrate content foods. After the analysis of the interview recording, the key findings showed that she is highly engaged in poor dietary habits with low intake of vegetables, fruits and dairy products. She is also addicted to erratic eating like meal skipping that contributed to her overweight condition. In the college campus, there is high availability of calorie-dense foods and less nutritional foods that enticed her to consume unhealthy foods. As per the interview, it is also evident that there is an easy access to high-calorie beverages and she prefers to consume it instead of water. There is also less availability of nutrition based university guidelines on healthy diet and la ck of awareness prevails among the college students in the campus. The college food court also offers tempting discounts on the unhealthy food items and allures the university students to consume the junk food items. The interview also depicted that she is unaware of the ill effects of unhealthy eating and the associated disorders. The family history revealed that her father has a high blood pressure and evidence for heart disease. After the analysis of the recorded interview, a link can be established between the key findings of the health behaviour and HBM. The key findings show that she is unaware of the implications of the unhealthy diet on the health and well-being of an individual. She is also not aware of the development of any kind of illness that might occur due to prolonged consumption of junk food (9). This key finding gives an indication that there is lack of knowledge among the interviewee regarding the relationship between the sedentary lifestyle and increased risk for heart ailments like increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and some of the cancers. This is evident in her answer I dont know that I may develop any kind of illness. In the interview, quote I like pizza and burger as it is very delicious shows that she is also tempted to junk food in her daily life with lack of physical activity. Therefore, the perceived threat under the component of HBM can be applied to change and manage her health behaviour of unhealthy diet. The perceived threat is a combination of perceived severity and susceptibility that can be applied to a given condition where it is dependent on the knowledge about a condition. The HBM predicts that by engaging in health-promoting behaviours, there is lesser likelihood of engaging in particular health problem that reduce the risk for developing an illness or serious health problem. HBM predicts that if she perceives that she is susceptible to a particular health problem, she would engage in behaviours that would help to reduce the risk for the development of the health problem. Through education and by creating awareness, she would perceive the healthy behaviours that would reduce the risk for developing a serious illness (10). The behaviour under the HBM is the nutrition education intervention (NEI). This intervention can be applied among the colleg e students that would help to implement the healthy behaviours and in turn lessens the risk for developing serious health problems. NEIs comprises of lectures, web-based education and supplement provisions. This would help to deliver healthy diet and nutritional information to college students. This intervention would help in improving the dietary habits, body composition and quality of life. It also helps to create awareness among the college students about the ill effects of unhealthy eating and implications on the health (11). The web-based approaches would be helpful as the internet is an innovative approach to have an impressive impact in addressing the poor diet among the college students. Internet provides excellent opportunity to engage the college students through the interactive internet programs that provides nutrition information about the diet, nutrition and weight management. There should also be scope for individualized nutritional plan and feedback from the students that are designed specifically for them (12). It is also a good way to promote health among the college students in creating awareness through online videos, conducting physical exercise classes along with academics and information on nutrition content (13). This educational message can be delivered to the interviewee through one-to-one interactive session. It can also be delivered through telephone and online through web-based approach. The education message can be delivered effectively to the interviewee through a personal face-to-face interview. During this interview, she would be educated about the positive effects of healthy diet and create awareness among her about the implications of developing cardiovascular diseases due to prolonged obese condition in her (14). She would be given psychosocial support through motivation so that she gains confidence to adopt the healthy lifestyle and follow-up over the telephone would help to assess the effectiveness of the education message. Web-based interview can also be helpful as the college students are addicted to internet (15). References Fransen HP, Boer JM, Beulens JW, de Wit GA, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Hoekstra J, May AM, Peeters PH. Associations between lifestyle factors and an unhealthy diet. The European Journal of Public Health. 2016 Oct 14:ckw190. Whatnall MC, Collins CE, Callister R, Hutchesson MJ. Associations between Unhealthy Diet and Lifestyle Behaviours and Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Young Overweight and Obese Women. InHealthcare 2016 Aug 19 (Vol. 4, No. 3, p. 57). Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. Gill T, editor. Managing and Preventing Obesity: Behavioural Factors and Dietary Interventions. Elsevier; 2014 Dec 3. World Health Organization (WHO. A global brief on hypertension: silent killer, global public health crisis. People. 2017 Feb 22. Skinner CS, Tiro J, Champion VL. The health belief model. Health Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practice. John Wiley Sons, San Francisco, CA. 2015 Jul 1:75-94. Brinkmann S. Interview. InEncyclopedia of Critical Psychology 2014 (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York. Duncan S, Fiske DW. Face-to-face interaction: Research, methods, and theory. Routledge; 2015 Oct 23. Christensen AI, Ekholm O, Glmer C, Juel K. Effect of survey mode on response patterns: comparison of face-to-face and self-administered modes in health surveys. The European Journal of Public Health. 2014 Apr 1;24(2):327-32. Zick CD, Smith KR, Kowaleski-Jones L, Uno C, Merrill BJ. Harvesting more than vegetables: the potential weight control benefits of community gardening. American journal of public health. 2013 Jun;103(6):1110-5. Prestwich A, Sniehotta FF, Whittington C, Dombrowski SU, Rogers L, Michie S. Does theory influence the effectiveness of health behavior interventions? Meta-analysis. Rizer CA, Fagan MH, Kilmon C, Rath L. The Role of Perceived Stress and Health Beliefs on College Students' Intentions to Practice Mindfulness Meditation. American Journal of Health Education. 2016 Jan 2;47(1):24-31. Eldredge LK, Markham CM, Kok G, Ruiter RA, Parcel GS. Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons; 2016 Feb 1. Cohen GL, Sherman DK. The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual review of psychology. 2014 Jan 3;65:333-71. Korda H, Itani Z. Harnessing social media for health promotion and behavior change. Health promotion practice. 2013;14(1):15-23. Oinas-Kukkonen H. A foundation for the study of behavior change support systems. Personal and ubiquitous computing. 2013 Aug 1;17(6):1223-35.

Fame Not all Its Cracked Up to Be Essay Example For Students

Fame Not all Its Cracked Up to Be Essay Ah, fame! We love celebrities and wish that we were like them. So that we can get paid loads of money, have everyone know what our names, know our life stories, have everyone love us and of course the greatest gift of all, entertaining people. When I was a teenager, I dreamt about being a famous filmmaker. I was always writing stories since I was child and I was getting more and more into writing when I got older. And I thought filmmaking was the thing for me and that was what I wanted to do more than anything in the world. But when I told people this, they all made fun of me. Even my so-called friends. No-one took me seriously. So my filmmaking ambition didnt get off the ground. I thought I should give up my creativity for good. Whats the point of telling stories if no-one cares? Then I realized, you dont need fame as filmmaker or author to show people how creative you are. So thats why I turned to posting stories on this site. And I get a lot of views from all over the world and that makes me very happy. Now that Im an adult, Im actually glad I never became a big filmmaker or a celebrity. And heres why: No matter where you are, people just wont leave you alone. If you want your privacy, there is no chance. You want to have a nice quiet meal in a restaurant. Just you and your family, but fans keep interrupting you asking for your autographs. It is nice to make a fan happy, but when you have to do it over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over and over, itll drive you mad. And if you are the child of a famous star, it is like being thrown in with the lions. You will get bullied at school, just because your parent is famous. Its even worse if the child does not choose fame and is born to famous family anyway. Not everyone you will meet in life is nice to you. We all know that. If you are a celebrity, anyone can know who you are, find out information on you and use them against you. If youre one of those people who worries about what others think of you, fame is not for you. Because thats what being famous is: Have people talk about you. Sure they say nice things such as how talented you are, but others will criticize you and say awful things about you. Also, tabloids will spread rumors about you. Because of stalkers and obsessed fans, being famous can be dangerous. Aside from people pestering you with autographs just because youre a big name, you will have the obsessive fans who fantasize about you all day, every day. Imagine if someone is with you. They will look you up on the net all day, every day. They watch every video of you on Youtube, read every magazine with you in it, even if there is only one photo of you in each magazine and they will even stalk you. As you know, celebrities have to meet thousands of fans and if you meet that many people, you wont remember every fan youve met. But if your obsessive fan has met you once before and has met you again a few years later, if you cant remember meeting your obsessive fan before, that obsessive fan will get angry and will do the unthinkable to get his or her own revenge on you for not remembering them. It is very scary indeed. You will have to hire security. Lots of security. Choosing fame is like selling your soul to The Devil. Lots of celebrities admit that they hate being famous. .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .postImageUrl , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:visited , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:active { border:0!important; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:active , .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475 .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58c56228808a75ee345e1bee3cdf6475:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bulimia EssayYou can do a lot of great, huge things in your life without being famous. You can travel the world, you can get married, become a parent, you can take on a really big job (not in show business), go skydiving, bungee jumping, be a doctor so that you can cure people, be a fireman or firewoman to save peoples lives, be a teacher and educate people, be a plumber and fix pipes, be an electrician, join the postal service and deliver letters and packages to people, or you can write a story and put it on the internet so that you can entertain readers and inspire them.

Ojt Narrative Report free essay sample

That is also the time when my supervisor said that if I want high grade, I must work like a real employee. That was a big challenge for me. I was only a trainee, so my supervisor must supervise me and not to let me handle a situation that I didn’t know. And because of that, I learned to put a dedication to my work. One of the challenges that I encounter is that when my supervisor let me work without his supervision. He treated me as a worker. He involved me on the project that I do not know. He said that I should research or go to the tech lead for more information. Based on the output of the project I will be graded. He will also ask me on what I did on the project and he said that I must be able to discuss the project to him from end to end. We will write a custom essay sample on Ojt Narrative Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Participation in  social science  refers to different mechanisms for the  public to express opinions   and ideally exert influence regarding political, economic, management or other social decisions. Participatory decision making can take place along any realm of human social activity, including  economic  (i. e. participatory economics),  political  (i. e. participatory democracy  or  parpolity),  management  (i. . participatory management),  cultural  (i. e. polyculturalism) or  familial  (i. e. feminism). For well-informed participation to occur, it is argued that some version of  transparency, e. g. radical transparency, is  necessary, but not  sufficient. It has also been argued that those most affected by a decision should have the most say while those that are least affected should have the least say in a topic During my internship in Globe I learned how to participate on meetings so that I can understand on what is happening on the proj ect that they gave to me. In meeting we will talk about the work around on the problems on the project. We need to know what we will implement on the work around in the project. Scenario Testing It is a  software testing  activity that uses  scenarios: hypothetical stories to help the tester work through a complex problem or test system. The ideal scenario test is a credible, complex, compelling or motivating story the outcome of which is easy to evaluate. These tests are usually different from  test cases  in that test cases are single steps whereas scenarios cover a number of steps. In Globe telecoms, before they will implement a certain promo or project, they see to it that they will test all the scenarios. They test them on test environment before they will implement it on production. Sometimes the main problem that they encounter is the priorities on a certain promo. Sometimes they encounter problems in routing from a platform to different platforms. Sometimes we need to troubleshoot the problem by tweaking the HLR. We change different parameters on the HLR to isolate which part of the network is the problem. Routing Problems Routing  is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including the  telephone network  (circuit switching),  electronic data networks  (such as the  Internet), and  transportation networks. This article is concerned primarily with routing in electronic data networks using  packet switching  technology. In packet switching networks, routing directs  packet forwarding  (the transit of logically addressed packets from their source toward their ultimate destination) through intermediate  nodes. Intermediate nodes are typically network hardware devices such as  routers,  bridges, gateways,  firewalls, or  switches. General-purpose  computers  can also forward packets and perform routing, though they are not specialized hardware and may suffer from limited performance. The routing process usually directs forwarding on the basis of  routing tables  which maintain a record of the routes to various network destinations. Thus, constructing routing tables, which are held in the routers  memory, is very important for efficient routing. Most routing algorithms use only one network path at a time. Multipath routing techniques enable the use of multiple alternative paths. Routing is the problem that Globe is encountering now. This is because of a top secret project that cannot be revealed right now. The routing is affected very much that is why in testing of different scenarios we encounter different problems such as when we route a test sim to IN then to OCS then to toolbox(a provision that reroutes to OCS) there are charging problem on different INs. Provisioning In  telecommunication,  provisioning  is the process of preparing and equipping a network to allow it to provide (new) services to its users. In  NS/EP telecommunications  services,  provisioning  equates to  initiation  and includes altering the state of an existing priority service or capability. Network provisioning  or  service mediation  are terms referring to provisioning of the customer’s services to the network elements, mostly used in the telecommunication industry. It requires the existence of networking equipment and depends on  network planning and design. In a modern signal infrastructure employing  information technology  at all levels, there is no distinction possible between telecommunications services and higher level infrastructure. Accordingly, provisioning configures any required systems, provides users with access to data and technology resources, and refers to all enterprise-level information resource management involved. From a  management  perspective, it is typically managed by a  CIO, and necessarily involves  human resources  and IT departments cooperating to: * give users access to data repositories or grant authorization to systems, network applications and databases based on a unique user identity, and * appropriate for their use of hardware resources, such as computers, mobile phones and pagers. As its most central responsibility, the provisioning process monitors access rights and privileges to ensure the security of an enterprises resources and user privacy. As a secondary responsibility, it ensures compliance and minimizes the vulnerability of systems to penetration and abuse. As a tertiary responsibility, it tries to reduce the amount of custom configuration using  boot image control  and other methods that radically reduce the number of different configurations involved. Network Provisioning The services which are assigned to the customer in the  customer relationship management  (CRM) have to be provisioned on the network element  which is enabling the service and allows the customer to actually use the service. The relation between a service configured in the CRM and a service on the network elements is not necessarily a 1:1 relation. Some services can be enabled by more than one network element, e. g. the  Microsoft Media Server  (mms://) service. During the provisioning, the service mediation device translates the service and the corresponding parameters of the service to one or more services/parameters on the network elements involved. The algorithm used to translate a system service into network services is called  provisioning logic. Electronic invoice feeds from your carriers can be automatically downloaded directly into the core of the  telecom expense management(TEM) software and it will immediately conduct an audit of each single line item charge all the way down to the User Support and Operations Center (USOC) level. The provisioning software will capture each circuit number provided by all of your carriers and if bills outside of the contracted rate an exception rule will trigger a red flag and notify the pre-established staff member to review the billing error. In Globe we experienced provisioning a test bed sim with different provisions. Provisioning routes a sim to different INs. In provisioning it will create different wallets or it will route to different INs with different characteristics. Such as for promos and campaigns or for the main account. Provisioning a test bed sim have a unlicall unlitext etc. Interaction It  is a kind of action that occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. The idea of a two-way effect is essential in the concept of interaction, as opposed to a one-way  causal  effect. A closely related term is  interconnectivity, which deals with the interactions of interactions within systems: combinations of many simple interactions can lead to surprising  emergent phenomena. Interaction  has different tailored meanings in various  sciences. Changes also involve interaction. Casual examples of interaction outside of science included * Communication of any sort, for example two or more people talking to each other, or communication among  groups, organizations, nations or states: trade, migration,  foreign relations, transportation, * The  feedback  during the operation of machines such as a computer or tool, for example the interaction between a driver and the position of his or her car on the road: by steering the driver influences this position, by observation this information returns to the driver. During my internship in Globe I learned to interact with other people. We know that people have different characteristics and attitudes; however, making friends with the trainee’s co-workers doesn’t make difficult. Even though I was only a trainee, they don’t treat him like a others and as a trainee. I don’t feel uncomfortable as I worked with them. From the interaction, I learned to work with patience. Although thoroughly working on something was time consuming, the quality of the output product is the most important. I also learned from my co-worker’s experiences and mistakes and apply them whenever I needed it. They also encouraged me to go on with my studies until I become a professional. References: * Arnstein, S. R. (1969),  A Ladder of Citizen Participation,Journal of the American Planning Association  35  (4): 216–224, retrieved 2010-06-12 * Crispin, Lisa; Gregory, Janet (2009). Agile Testing: A Practical Guide for Testers and Agile Teams. Addison-Wesley. pp. 192–5. ISBN  81-317-3068-9. * Gopalaswamy, Srinivasan Desikan. Software Testing:Principles and Practice. * Becky L. Drees, Vesteinn Thorsson, Gregory W. Carter, Alexander W. Rives, Marisa Z. Raymond, Iliana Avila-Campillo, Paul Shannon amp; Timothy Galitski (2005). Derivation of genetic interaction networks from quantitative phenotype data. Genome Biology 6 (4): R38. doi:10. 1186/gb-2005-6-4-r38. PMC 1088966. PMID 15833125. * http://wikipedia. com * http://google. com OJT Narrative Report free essay sample The Land Bank of the Philippines is the largest government bank and the countrys first universal bank. As of December 2013, it ranked as the fourth largest bank in the Philippines in terms of assets, loan portfolio, deposits and capital. LANDBANK shall be the dominant financial institution in countryside development, committed to the highest standards of ethics and excellence in the service of the Filipino people. The Land Bank of the Philippines is a government financial institution that strikes a balance in fulfilling its social mandate of promoting countryside development LANDBANK also hopes to more actively promote dairy entrepreneurship especially among rural folk, as they hope to maximize the industry’s huge potential and optimize opportunities for sustainable growth. To be indulged in a Banking Institution, I usually observed that employees working in the said institution are very focused and busy on what they are doing. As a trainee, inspite of their busy works, they still able to teach us on what to do, on what need to be accomplished, but upon explaining, a trainee must need to focus and listen in order to catch up the instructions correctly and precisely. We will write a custom essay sample on OJT Narrative Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my 3 months of working as a trainee in a Banking Institution, I have procured lots of information and boosted my skills as a trainee in any aspects as a learner. I’ve learned and able to master some works together with the trainees of SLSU-TO Campus. With this, I also embrace some challenges that sound very confusing works to me, however, as a trainee; I should ask and clarify all things that are confusing to me. Moreover, I have also acquired some skills in every works we’ve been through and until now, we are still learning and embracing the skills of change for a greater responsibility. As well as the ability to communicate with other people seems a challenge for me. I feel very pleased when I can able to help someone specially the old ones who need your assistance in filling up the information for the new account. The excellence to promote welfare is the dream of a Landbankers. Moreover, the Branch Head of Landbank would also let us experience us on her travel to other municipalities just to meet people through Marketing. In the essence of working 8 hours and counting every day, we have reached to the point of living the daily works or just I say our daily routine in Bank. Filing for Punong Barangay Certificate (PBC), doing entry for SSS and Pag-ibig contributions and salary loans, faxing documents to other LBP Branches and to the Eastern Visayas Branch Group (EVBG). With this, we meet them upon confirming the faxed documents and we are making sure for the politeness of our words and greetings too.

William Tyndale Essay essays

William Tyndale Essay essays How has William Tyndales translation influenced all the following English translations of the Bible? In 1525, William Tyndale began to write his famous version of the scriptures. Printing had already been achieved, so Tyndale had the desire to give the people a Bible of their own, in their own language. By 1526, Tyndales version of the English Bible had been published and printed. There was great turmoil over the translation however, because the King of England, Henry VIII decreed that the translation was heresy. By this time, Tyndales English Bible translation had proven so popular that it had already been copied several times and was being read by many people. This version of the New Testament, and some of the Old Testament, was spread throughout the known world. William Tyndale did not get to see his English Bible flourish and rapidly spread worldwide. Tragically, he was strangled and burned by Henry VIII. Unfortunately, this King later realised that the translation was not heresy and began his own Church of England based on Tyndales translation. When Henry VIII realised his error, he began to make as many copies of the English Bible possible. Changing the ways of the old Roman Catholic Church, he allowed for everyone who could read, the chance to have an English Bible translat ...

ArticleAbstract Assignments 05 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ArticleAbstract Assignments 05 - Essay Example His research question is: How does football regulation by NACC constitute a cartel and hinder intercollegiate competition? The study used both empirical and theoretical methods. The author used data collected from published articles and books. He also used raw data from NACC Football Guide and other sport regulatory bodies. The article makes reference to several books and scholarly articles containing analyzed data. Researcher also made use of raw data collected from the field; especially score sheets on football progress from colleges. Literature on Cartel Enforcement and Competitive Balance are majorly theoretical. Empirical data were obtained from interviews and observations. For example, the author acknowledges valuable comments from seminar participants and referees from CU-Denver and WEA meetings. The article concludes in favor of the research hypothesis. Indeed NACC constitutes an economic cartel that bars fair competition in football. The researcher successfully uses data collected over a period of half a century to put across this point (Woodrow, 369). By elaborately analyzing the structure and functioning of NACC, the author effectively gives a hint to where concerned authorities should streamline to reinstate fairness in college football. However, the report gives too much weight on mathematical implications of its findings without lucid explanations. This implies that the report may not be of help to many who need to refer from it. Only those with technical knowhow on its exaggerated mathematical analysis make sense of the

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright Essay

U.S. Supreme Court review of Gideon v. Wainwright - Essay Example No history of the right to counsel could be complete without a discussion of Gideon v. Wainwright - one of the best-known and most significant right to counsel decisions rendered by the Supreme Court. The Warren Court's landmark 1963 opinion in Gideon revisited the issue confronted twenty years earlier in Betts v. Brady - the scope of an indigent defendant's constitutional entitlement to government-provided assistance in state court. The Gideon Court's straightforward, unanimous holding constituted the last major step in the historical expansion of the constitutional right to counsel in America. Its forceful reasoning elevated the status of the right to counsel to new heights, giving it an honored place as the most fundamental of all rights guaranteed to the accused.Mr. Gideon was charged with the crime of breaking and penetrating a poolroom with the aim to commit a misdemeanor. He appeared in court without an attorney. Because he could not afford to have a lawyer, he claimed that th e judge appoint counsel. The judge did not accept the request, informing him that Florida law permitted appointed counsel only in capital cases. In the trial that followed, Gideon made an opening statement, cross-examined government witnesses, called his own witnesses, declined to testify, and made a short closing argument. The jury found him guilty, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. The Florida Supreme Court denied a petition for a writ of habeas corpus. To reconsider the issue resolved in Betts v. Brady, the Supreme Court granted review. The Court first observed that the facts of Betts and Gideon were so similar that the holding of Betts, if still good law, would require rejection of Gideon's contention that he had a due process entitlement to appointed counsel. The Court then declared, however, that after reconsidering the Betts holding, it had decided that it should be overruled. According to the Gideon Court, the fundamental nature of the right to counsel had been established in Powell v. Alabama - ten years before Betts was decided. Although the Powell Court had limited its holding to the particular circumstances of the case, "its conclusions about the fundamental nature of the right to counsel [were] unmistakable" (cited in Van Gerven 97). Moreover, in subsequent cases, including Johnson v. Zerbst, the Court had made it clear that the assistance of counsel was " 'necessary to insure basic human rights of life and liberty.' " By failing to acknowledge that the assistance of counsel is always essential for a fair trial and concluding that the " 'appointment of counsel is not a fundamental right,' " the Court's opinion in Betts v. Brady "made an abrupt break with its well-considered precedents" (ibid.). In so doing, it had erred. Precedent was not the only reason to declare Betts misguided. "[R]eason and reflection" also led to the "obvious truth" that "in our adversary system of criminal justice, any person haled into court, who is too poor to hire a lawyer, cannot be assured a fair trial unless counsel is provided for him" (cited in Garcia 70). After all, the government deems it essential to have lawyers prosecute criminal cases, and few criminal defendants who can afford them "fail to hire the best lawyers they can get." These are "strong[] indicationsat lawyers in criminal courts are necessities, not luxuries." From the start, American law has put "great emphasis on procedural and substantive safeguards designed to assure fair trials before impartial tribunals in which every defendant stands equal before the law. This noble ideal cannot be realized if the poor man charged with crime has to face his accusers without a lawyer to assist him" (cited in Alfieri 1459). As the Powell Court had observed, the righ t to be heard would mean little if it did not include the right to be heard through counsel. Even intelligent laypersons lack the legal skill and knowledge required to adequately defend against accusations. Although they may in fact be innocent, they

A strategic map of different drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A strategic map of different drinks - Essay Example Multi-brand Dominate brand Single brand Regional National International A strategic map provides a visual evaluation of how a brand dominates the market concerning its presence in the market. from the case study, the strategic map would be represented by the above graph. The products have been evaluated by comparing the brands and their presence in the market. other products available in a specific region have the lowest position in the strategic map, this is because they are a local product and the management has not focused on marketing. Comparing products available internationally, single brand products like Red bull and Rockstar are positioned lower compared to dominate and multi-brands. A brand with many products attracts a larger market share compared to a product with a single product. In the case study, Coca-Cola and Pepsi are better positioned compared to other brands under evaluation. For other brands to compete effectively with the best-positioned brands, the management ne eds to market the products to the international market. the management needs to strategize to ensure product diversity in a brand. Geographic distribution will increase product scope and diversity in a product will allow customers to have choice. Products like 5-hour energy are moderately positioned in the strategic map in terms of distribution, the single brand is distributed nationally placing it above regional brands (Gamble, 2010). 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers?   The beverage industry is competitive due to the many players that have invested in it. The success of each player is dependent on various factors. One of the main factors is a strong brand name. some of the older and established brands have a larger market share compared to the newer brand. Companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsi have a larger market share. Market penetration is another factor influencing the success of products. Brands that have penetrated the market and have a global distribution system have more sales compared to local brands. The companies are able to advertise their products through developed distribution channels. Big companies like Pepsi and Coca-Cola have established productions and distribution outlets in many parts of the world to ensure that the customer has access to the product. The taste of the beverage is also a key factor, the beverage should have a unique taste that attracts clients to the brand. Coca-Cola has a secret formula that is passed down from generation to generation, giving Coca-Cola a unique global brand. The beverage companies invest heavily in the marketing of its products, marketing creates market awareness thus increasing the popularity of the products. Marketing also informs the customers of the variations in the products a brand has and their availability. Beverage companies have to invest in innovation. The management should ensure that the company competes not only in its primary competition group but also against other beverages in the market. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? to PepsiCo? to Red Bull GmbH? Coca-Cola has a good position in the market. To maintain this position, the company has to carry out extensive research to evaluate the customers’ needs in the global market. Through research, the company will be able to produce new products that will appeal to the dynamic beverage market. Through market research, the company will be able to evaluate the products being produced and discontinue production of non-profitable products. The resources can be reassigned to profitable product and the production of new products in the market (Gamble, 2010). Pepsi is also a strong brand in the market, the main

Questions on management leadership and motivation

Questions on management leadership and motivation Organization is generally considered a grouping of activities in a coordinated way to obtain maximum benefits. Thus, the organization is the relationship between the various objectives and factors. Culture is the way in overall life of the people. Culture includes the language, religion and ideas, clothing, customs, codes, institutions, government, law, work of art, morality, rituals, ceremonies so on. Organizational culture is a set of shared values and norms that govern the interactions between members of the organization among them and with suppliers, customers and people outside the organizations. The organizational culture of values means that attempts to create unity, coordination, cooperation between these so within the organization. It could be in the form of assumptions, company logo, etc through these organizational objectives or goals could be achieved by the company. An organizational structure is essentially hierarchical concept of subordination of entities that collaborate and help serve a common goal. Examples: GlobalNokia, Pepsi, Coca-Colaetc. Innovative Risk Taking: The Degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative take risks. Generates innovative solutions, assesses risks, makes decisions accepts the consequences. Thus, innovation risk taking is one of the main characteristics of organizational culture defining how much it is important to allowing a business innovation. Attention to Details : means to give close attention to what you are doing. It means being careful or paying attention to what you are doing. Outcome Orientation: The degree to which management will focus on results or other than the techniques processes used to achieve those outcomes. People Orientation: The Degree in which management decisions are taken into consideration. Team Orientation: Means working collaboratively with others to achieve a common goal rather than working individually Aggressive: Means trying to spread quickly Stability: It is something when organization activity emphasize maintenance will be in contract growth. TASK-1.2 How Organization Culture is maintained use examples to illustrate how a new member is Introduced to the culture how it affects the business performance? Management of any organization has the responsibility of setting out the goals and objectives. It also watches out how employees are supposed to behave in various situations. As such, it outlines the overall organization culture. For culture to be effectively maintained in an organization, managers and leaders must act as followers and also leaders. Commitment and enthusiasm towards a person or an organization differentiate effective and ineffective followers as well as leaders. A healthy organizational culture is based on mutual understanding and cooperation between the employees and the management. For a healthy organizational culture to be maintained, leaders and managers learn role decision making and law of cash plays in an organization. Normally, when a person is recruited selected after a long procedure he will be taken around the organization and introduced to his colleagues, superiors subordinates. He will be made familiar with firm norms, goals his duties. This will be known as Orientation training. Through this the employees performance is increased and through the increment in his performance organizational performance is also increased. Through orientation training unity, cooperation, etc. will be increased. Through this employees performance will be increased and organizations productivity will be increased. So, this is how organizational climate is maintained. In Pepsi co. organizational culture is maintained through unity. Here leaders employees get together and perform planning, decision making, controlling etc. which are managerial functions of a company. This is the secret of their firms growth development. Training and Development helps to develop and improve the organizational health culture and effectiveness. It helps in creating the learning culture within the organization. Induction training also helps an employee to maintain organization culture and increase his/her performance. Selection is the process of identifying and choosing the best person out of a number of prospective candidates for a job. The candidates are required to take a series of employment tests and interviews. Each stage many are eliminated and some move on to the next stage. THE PROCESS OF SELECTION: Preliminary Screening Selection Tests- This includes intelligence test, Aptitude test, Personality test, Trade test, Interest test. Employment Interview Reference Background Checks Selection Decision Medical Examination Job Offer Contract Of Employment Top Management is a part of level of management. They consist of the senior-most executives of the organization by whatever name they are called. They are usually referred to as the chairman, chief operating officer, president, and vice president. Top management is a team consisting of managers from different functional levels. The basic task is to integrate diverse elements and coordinate the activities of different departments according to the overall objectives of organization. These top level managers are responsible for the welfare and survival of the organization. They analyze the business environment and its implications for the survival of the firm. They formulate overall organizational goals and strategies for their achievement. They are responsible for all the activities of the business and for its impact on society. Socialization No matter how the organizations recruits select, talented qualified employees. If new employees are not fully indoctrinated in the organizations culture. Because they are unfamiliar with the organizations culture, new employees are potentially likely to Disturb the beliefs customs that are in place. The organization will, therefore, want to help new employees adapt to its culture. This adaptation process is called SOCIALIZATION.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  TASK-1.3 What Is The Managements Role In Developing An Organizations Culture? The managers role is to efficiently predict, explain and manage the behavior that occurs in organizations. Specifically, managers are interested in determining why people are a bit more motivated and satisfied. Managers must have an ability to observe and understand the behavior of individuals, groups and organizations to predict what the response will be determined by administrative measures and, finally, to use this understanding and predictions can be effectively managed employees. Behavior can be examined at three levels: individual, group, organization as a whole. Managers seek to learn more about the fact that people, individually or collectively, to behave as they do in organizational settings. What motivates people? This is not some managers and other employees? How people communicate and make decisions? How can organizations respond to changes in their external environment? Management role in the development of organizational culture are developing and implementing management principles, the development of unity among the employees, maintenance-friendly environment with staff managers. Example: Dialogs director came up with latest principles when most of the customers and workers left and joined Airtel. Through his latest master blaster MY10 packages his customers were held and through his vacation packages to employees coordination, unity, productivity attachment with the firm strengthened. TASK-1.4 Is It Possible To Change An Organizations Culture Structure ? If So How? The organizational structure allows the distribution of responsibilities expressed for various functions and processes to different entities such as department, work group and individual. Yes, it is possible to change the culture of an organization. The individuals in an organizational structure are usually hired under employment contracts of limited duration or work orders, or contract of indefinite duration or commands of the program. You cannot change the organizational culture; not knowing where your organization wants to be or what elements of the current organizational culture needs to change. What are the cultural elements that support the success of your organization, or not? For example, your team decides that you spend too much time in agreement with each other rather than to challenge the assumptions and predictions of his team, who have generally been wrong. It is harder to change the culture of an existing organization than to create a culture in a whole new organization. When a culture is already established, people need to unlearn the old values, assumptions and behaviors before they can learn the news. The two most important elements to create organizational cultural change are management support and training. ADDITIONAL ways to change the organizational culture: Practice effective communication- Keeping all employees informed about the organizational culture change process ensures commitment and success. Telling employees what is expected of them is critical for effective organizational culture change. Review organizational structure- Changing the physical structure of the company to align it with the desired organizational culture may be necessary. These units are unlikely to align to support the overall success of the business. Redesign your approach to rewards and recognition- You will likely need to change the reward system to encourage the behaviors vital to the desired organizational culture TASK 2.1 Are Leadership Management Different From One Another? If So How? Give Examples. DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP Leadership is a process of getting things done through people. (Causing others to want what you are doing to accomplish the work of the organization. Proactive leadership 21 st century) Leadership is the art of getting others to do something you want done because they want to do it. Abraham Zaleznik, Harvard Business Review DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT Management is a very popular term and has been used extensively for all types of activities and mainly for taking charge of different activities in any enterprise. Management comprises of planning, organizing, staffing, decision making controlling. Management has also been defined as a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively efficiently. Objectives of management: Organizational objectives Social objectives Personal objectives Management helps in: Achieving group goals Increase efficiency Creating a dynamic organization Achieving personal objectives Development of society There are three levels of management. They are: Top level management Middle level management Operational level management BASIS MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP Meaning Management has also been defined as a process of getting things done with the aim of achieving goals effectively efficiently. Leadership is a process of getting things done through people. Goals Managements goal is to achieve their profit margin or to provide certain services. Leadership doesnt have certain goals to achieve unless until the leader creates. Person Required Managers to lead workers to achieve the goals. Leaders to lead followers to follow their principles. Concept Management concept is complex large concept. Leadership concept is a part of management. Rules / Principles There are certain business laws principles to be followed by the organization to achieve the goals. Here if the manager is wrong workers can pinpoint the managers wrongthness. There are no rules to be followed. So if the leader is wrong then all followers follow the wrong path. Needance The concept of management is very much needed in the organization to achieve their goals. Leadership concept is not required compulsorily in organization and it is only required among labors or labor union. Coordination Coordination among worker depends on principles, managers, etc. Coordination in management is higher compared to leadership. Coordination among followers are managed by leaders. Coordination in leadership is low compared to management. Communication Here communication sent can be reaching very slowly but it is very reliable. Here communication sent can be reaching very quickly but it is not very reliable. TASK-2.2 what is Charismatic Leadership How Does It Work In An Organization? Illustrate With Examples Charismatic leadership is leadership based on the leaders ability to communicate and behave in ways that reach fans in a basic way, emotionally, to inspire and motivate. A charismatic leader is one that provides an environment full of energy and positive reinforcement. If you are naturally charismatic, they are very lucky! This is a feature that is not as easy to learn. Charismatic leaders inspire others and encourage them to be their best. Employees and members of the group want to impress a charismatic leader, so work hard and strive to succeed. Charismatic leaders, which are building a group, whether it is a political party, a sect or a business team, often focus primarily on making the very clear and distinct group, which separates it from other groups. Then base the groups image, particularly in the minds of his followers, is far superior to all others. Charismatic leaders use a wide range of methods to manage their image and, if they are not naturally charismatic, you can practice regularly to develop their skills. They can build confidence through self-sacrifice visible and take personal risks in the name of their beliefs. They show great confidence in his followers. They are very persuasive and make very effective use of body language and verbal language. What is charismatic leadership? Description Charismatic leadership is defined by Max Weber as resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual, and the normative patterns or revealed or ordained by him. He defines charisma as a certain quality of an individual personality by virtue of which differs from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. It is not accessible to the ordinary person but are considered of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the grounds that it treats the person as a leader in quality (). How concerned ultimately, taking into account the factors ethical, aesthetic, or other point of view as it is, of course, charismatic people irrelevant to the definition. Has a remarkable ability to distill complex ideas into simple messages ( I have a dream ) are communicated using symbols, analogies, metaphors and stories. He also enjoyed the risk and feels empty without him, are great opti mists, who are rebels fighting against the convention, and that may seem idiosyncratic. Charismatic leaders are portrayed as heroes or magic organizational leaders have a base of social power to orchestrate turnarounds, launching new businesses, inspire organizational renewal, and get a special performance by members of the organization. These leaders inspire trust, faith and belief in them. Of course none of this is a guarantee that the mission will be correct, ethical, or successful. Charismatic leadership model (History) German sociologist Max Weber in the 1920 distinguished three ideal types of leadership, domination and authority: 1. charismatic domination (familial and religious) 2. Feudal / traditional domination (patriarchs, patrimonial, feudalism), and 3. Bureaucratic /Legal domination (law and modern state, bureaucracy). Robert House (1977) used four sentences to define charismatic leadership: 1. Dominant. 2. Strong desire to influence others. 3. Self-confident. 4. A strong sense of moral values them. Conger and Kananga (1998) describe five behavioral attributes of charismatic leaders: 1. Vision and articulation. 2. The sensitivity to the environment. 3. The sensitivity to the needs of the member. 4. Personal risk taking. 5. The realization of unconventional behavior. More recently, charisma is the state theater (Gardner Alvolio, 1998): Charismatic leadership is a management process enacted theatrically printing to processing, scripting, staging, and acting. Using the charismatic leadership style Applications: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In difficult times or circumstances, such as changing the organization of emergency. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Note that, according to Weber, a charismatic leader does not have to be a positive force. Both Mahatma Gandhi and Adolf Hitler could be reasonably considered charismatic leaders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ See groups of basic character of the theory of some of the mechanisms behind a charismatic leadership. Steps in the Process charismatic leadership approach Jay Conger (1989) proposes the following four-stage model of charismatic leadership: 1. Continuous assessment of the environment and the formulation of a vision. 2. Communication of vision, with arguments of motivation and persuasion. 3. Building trust and commitment. The subordinates must desire and support the goals of the leader and is likely to be achieved on coercion, but the leader to gain the confidence in the leader and the feasibility of the objectives; it is likely that this is done by taking personal risks unconventional experience, and sacrifice. 4. To achieve this goal by using role models, empowerment, and unusual tactics. Strengths of the benefits charismatic leadership style à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ the relatively strong levels of unquestioning obedience. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ It is useful in difficult times or circumstances, such as changing the organization of emergency. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cash. If the charismatic leaders vision is correct, this style of leadership can be extremely effective. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rhetorical skill. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Energy clarity, interior, visionary, unconventional, and exemplary. MOTHER TERESA Real Name: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu DATE OF BIRTH: August 27 Th, 1910   PLACE OF BIRTH: Yugoslavia Mother Teresa decided to spend the rest of her life to help the poor and needies when she was twelve years old. When she thought that her vocation is to help the poor, decided to train for missionary work. At eighteen she joined the Irish nuns, the Sisters of Loreto. After training in Dublin for a few months she went to India. In 1928 she took initial vows as a nun. 1929-1948 she taught at St. Marys High School in Calcutta. Seeing the suffering outside the school created a big impression on her to leave school and help the poor in 1949. She started a school outdoor homeless, without funds. Voluntary helpers soon joined her. She also received financial support. On October 7, 1950 received permission to start their own Missionaries of Charity, who cared and loved the people that nobody else cared. Mother Teresa began fifty projects underway in India. Its projects include helping the people of the slums, childrens homes, homes for the dying, clinics and a leper colony. Her projects have been extended to other countries such as Africa, Asia, Latin America, Italy, Great Britain, Ireland and the United States. For all the work that Mother Teresa has received the following awards: 1971 Pope John XXIII Peace Prize, 1972 Nehur Prize for International Peace and Understanding, and 1979 Balzan Prize for the Promotion of Peace and Brotherhood United Nations. Shes a good charismatic leader. She did a wonderful job of saving those people who were like dying. www.myhero.com TASK-3.1 What are The Early Theories of Motivation, How Well Have They Been Supported by Research? Meaning: Motivation means incitement or inducement to act or move. In relevant to organization context, it means the process of making subordinates to act in a desired manner to achieve a certain goal. Motivation distinguishes the sufficient reason of Becoming, of Knowledge, of being and of Action.(From the philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer) Abraham Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory: One of the most frequently mentioned theories of motivation is the hierarchy of needs theory put forward by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow saw human needs in the form of a hierarchy, ascending from the lowest to the highest, and concluded that when a set of needs is satisfied, this needs no longer a motivator. According to his theory, these needs are: Physiological needs: These are important needs for sustaining human life. Food, water, warmth, shelter, sleep, medicine and education are basic physiological needs, which are included in the main list of needs satisfaction. Maslow was views that until these needs are met in a level to sustain life, no other motivating factor to work. (Ii) Security or Safety needs: These are the needs to be free from physical danger and the fear of losing a job, goods, food or shelter. It also includes protection against any emotional harm. (Iii) Social needs: Since people are social beings, need to belong and be accepted by others. People try to satisfy their need for affection, acceptance and friendship. (Iv) Esteem needs: According to Maslow, once people begin to satisfy their need to belong, they tend to want to be held in high esteem both by themselves and by others. This kind of need produces such satisfaction as power, prestige and self-confidence status. This includes both internal factors such as the self esteem, autonomy and achievement and external factors as the states of the esteem, recognition and attention. (V) The need for self actualization: Maslow believes that this is the greatest need in their hierarchy. It is the desire to be what one is capable of becoming; it includes growth, achieving their potential and self-realization. Is to maximize their potential and to accomplish something. Motivation2 As each of these needs is substantially satisfied the next need becomes dominant. From the standpoint of motivation, the theory would say that although it is not necessary always fully satisfied, satisfied need no longer motivates substantially. So if you want to motivate someone, you need to understand what is the level of the hierarchy of that person is on and focus on fulfilling the needs or the needs above that level. Maslows need theory has received wide recognition, especially among practicing managers. This can be attributed to the intuitive logic of the theory and ease of understanding. However, research does not validate these theories. Maslow provided no empirical evidence and other studies attempting to validate the theory found no support. OPINION: Such type of motivational technique helps the organization to fulfill the needs of employees and motivate them to work for their organization. Through this organizational goal as well as employee goals can be achieved. Theory X and Theory by Douglas McGregor: McGregor, in his book The Human Side of Enterprise provides that persons within the organization can be managed in two ways. The first is basically negative, corresponding to the category X and the other is basically positive, corresponding to the category Y. After seeing the way the manager treated employees, McGregor concluded that a manager view of the nature of human beings is based on a particular group of cases and that he or she tends to shape their behavior toward subordinates According to these assumptions. Under the assumptions of the theory X: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees inherently dislike work and whenever possible, try to avoid it. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Because employees dislike work, have to be forced, coerced or threatened with punishment to achieve the goals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employees avoid responsibilities and works to fill official guidelines are issued. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Most workers place greater emphasis on safety above all other factors and show little ambition. In contrast to the assumptions of Theory Y: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Physical and mental stress at work is as natural as rest or play. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ People will exercise self-control and self-direction and if they are committed to these goals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The average human being is willing to take responsibility and exercise the imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organizational problems. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The way in which things are organized, the intelligence of the average human being is only partially. In the analysis of the assumptions that can detect that the Theory X assumes that lower-order needs dominate individuals and Theory Y assumes that higher-order needs dominate individuals. An organization that runs on the Theory X lines tends to be authoritarian in nature, the word authoritarian suggests ideas like the power to compel obedience and right to rule. In contrast to Theory Y organizations can be described as participatory, where the objectives of the organization and individuals that are integrated, people can achieve their own goals by directing their efforts towards the success of the organization. However, this theory has been widely criticized for the widespread job and human behavior. OPINION: According to McGregor, he says all drawbacks faced by employees. He creates a picture where employees are punished using negative motivational technique and where managers get full use out of employee without any fulfillment of employee needs. Such picture also shows that manager as devil for employees. Such practices are not prevailing very much in our society. The theory of Frederick Herzbergs motivation hygiene: Federico has sought to modify the theory of Maslow need hierarchy. His theory is also known as the theory of two factors or hygiene theory. He stated that there are certain satisfactions and dissatisfaction of employees at work. In-intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction, while extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction. He devised his theory on the question: What people want from their jobs? He asked people to describe in detail, this type of situation when they felt exceptionally good or exceptionally bad. From the responses received, he concluded that the opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. Feature extraction of unsatisfactory work, not necessarily do the job more satisfying. Affirms that the presence of certain factors in the organization is natural and the presence of the same does not lead to motivation. However, their non-presence leads to demonization. Similarly, there are certain factors, without which causes dissatisfaction, but their prese nce has a motivational impact. Examples of hygiene factors are: Safety, status, relationship with subordinates, personal life, salary, working conditions, the relationship with the supervisor and company policy and administration. Examples of motivating factors are: Brochure promoting the growth of employment, responsibility, challenges, recognition and achievement. OPINION: Here, he says that opposite to satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. He also says that an employee dislike to perform a particular job because he doesnt get the likes through his job. This could be got through the motivations done by managers in form of recognition, achievement encouragement, etc. Theory McClellands Needs: David McClelland has developed a theory in three types of motivating needs: 1. Need for Power 2. Need for Affiliation 3. Need for achievement Basically people need to be high lean toward influence and control. They like to be in the center and are good speakers. They are demanding in nature, forceful in the customs and ambitious in life. They may be motivated to perform if given key positions or positions of power. In the second category are people who are social in nature. They try to join individuals and groups. They are driven by love and faith. They like to create a pleasant environment around them. Social recognition and affiliation with others provides motivation. The people of the third area are governed by the challenge of success and fear of failure. Their need for achievement is moderate and they set moderately difficult tasks. They are analytical and take calculated risks. These people are motivated to perform when they see at least some chance of success. McClelland noted that with the advancement in the hierarchy of the need for greater power and performance rather than affiliation. He also noted that people who were at the top, later ceased to be motivated by this unit. OPINION: McClelland is almost similar to Hertzberg Abraham Maslow. His idea is also given in the form of hierarchy mode. He presents those three levels from where employee needs are very much needed to be fulfilled to motivate them. Through this need are settled from higher to lower needs. According to him a person could be motivated by giving more power, through recognition of achievement, job security, autonomy, etc. TASK-3.2 How Do The Contemporary Theories Of Work Motivation Complement One Another? Definition of contemporary theories A set of statements or principles set out to explain a set of facts or phenomena, especially one that has been repeatedly tested or is widely accepted and can be used to make predictions about natural phenomena that belong to the same age who live or occur in the same period. Equity Theory: According to equity theory by J. Stacey Adams, people are motivated by their beliefs about the structure of rewards to be fair or unfair, in relation to these entries. People have a tendency to follow a subjective criterion to balance the outcomes and inputs in relation to comparisons between different individuals. Therefore, if people feel they have the same reward that will reduce the quantity or quality of work or move to another organization. However, if people perceive that rewards are higher, may be motivated to work harder. OPINION: Equity theory helps to ignore social problems between subordinates supervisors in organization. This is because this principle clearly states that there is no different treatment within people working in an organization. Such type of principle should prevail in certain environment like political area. This principle helps another motivational principle known as Goal setting theory. If there is a goal to be achieved with the help of groups then employees in the group should maintain equality. Though they have more power compared to other group members they cannot punish them with stressed job. It will lead to slavery revolution resulting in close down o

Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative

â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it. Art Can Be Functional Essay -- Argumentative â€Å"We are in the presence of a work of art only when it has no preponderant instrumental use, and when its technical and rational foundations are not preeminent.†1 The words of George Kubler, a prominent twentieth century art historian, support the notion that art cannot be useful or necessary to society outside of its artistic expression. Kubler’s belief, however, is not solely a contemporary idea. The eighteenth century philosopher, Immanuel Kant, formally proposed this theory. Kant separated fine art from useful art, maintaining that an artist’s goal must be to convey aesthetic ideas through form and design. These ideas are original and creative and therefore have â€Å"purpose without a purpose.†2 In short, both Immanuel Kant and George Kubler, even though separated by more than a century, believe that art only exists for the sake of art, without any other functional value to society, and thus anything that possesses utility fails to be art. Initially, we can easily agree with this notion since art does exist in this form. Famous works of art such as Monet’s â€Å"Waterlilies† or Van Gogh’s â€Å"Starry Night† demonstrate that art exists for art’s sake. These artists express their ideas through form and design, giving the work â€Å"purpose without a purpose.† Even though art exists for the sake of artistic expression, we can also find art that defies the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Bridges exist as art, and thus engineers exist as artists. Although bridges stand as feats of engineering that perform the task of connection, bridges also display great beauty. Undoubtedly, beautiful bridges evoke an array of emotions from observers, much the same as an inspired painting, and thus offer warnings that Kubl... ...ltimately, since the George Washington Bridge qualifies as art, while also utilizing rational and technical foundations to perform a useful function, we can easily disprove George Kubler’s belief. His shortsightedness denies the existence of the art and beauty that surrounds us everyday. Herein lies the biggest tragedy. To limit art to such a small sample of the creative prospects offered by the world only serves to diminish the experience of aesthetic pleasure. Instead, people can and do appreciate works like the George Washington Bridge, which offer artistic value, while still providing a service to society. Art can be found all around us; however, art is lost without people willing to embrace and appreciate it. In all actuality, art, as its primary purpose, serves to enrich our lives, but only brings pleasure to those who choose to see it.

Looking after children

In this task I am going to talk about my PIES and the development of them. I asked my mother to help with my coursework and she told me that what l was like when I was the age of birth to 2 years. When I was the age of 0-3 months, I was learning how to lift my head and my chest as part of my physical development. When I was the age from 0-3 months, I was learning to smiles and I became more expressive and communicate more with my face and body developing as part of my social skills. When I was the age from 0-3 months, I was learning how to dependent on others and imitates some movements and facial expressions as part of my emotional skills. When I was the age from 0-3 months, I was learning how to explore the environment with hands my intellectual skills. When I was the age of 6 months, I was learning how to rolls from my back to tummy and hold something so that I can stand up, so l was learning how to sit up with some support in physical skills. When I was the age of 6 months, I was scared of strangers and I was also afraid when strangers picked or lifted me up so I start to cry in social skills When I was the age of 6 months, I used to cry when my mother leaves for work or shopping emotional development. When I was the age of 6 months, I like to watch adults when they are talking to my parents and try to copy them, this is an intellectual skill. When I was the age of 9 months, I will like to sit alone by my self , I try to picks up some object and try to put in my mouth and I could hold a spoon and bash it about in my plate in physical skill. When I was the age of 9 months, I try to be shy when stranger come to my parent's house and I tried clapping -social and physical skill. When I was the age of 9 months, I get so angry easily because when my parents ask me to eat I start to cry or get angry easily and l like to show fear of making loud noises when my parents ask to stop was I am do in emotional skills. When I was the age of 9 months, I look for a toy that has fallen down from the cupboard in intellectual skill When I was the age of 12 months, I would stand alone and I learn to pull myself up to a stand holding onto furniture-physical skills. When I was the age of 12 months, I used to waves bye -bye to my parents – social skill. When I was the age of 12 months, I like to be close to familiar adults – emotional skill. When I was the age of 12 months, I learn how to saying my first words -intellectual skills. When I was the age of 18 months, I was learn how to walk confidently, uses crayons to scribble -physical skills When I was the age of 18 months, I used to copies domestic tasks and I used play alone but like to be near a family friend -social skill When I was the age of 18 months, I want to do things for my self in emotional skill When I was the age of 18 months, I don't really like fizzy drink for example cola and sprite .if I don't drink it I will walk to the kitchen zinc and pour it away and I will come back for a different drink for example orange and pineapple. After drinking it I put my fingers in the cup and play with the cup intellectual skill. When I was the age of 2 years old, I used to naming parts of the body and I use to put a small table near to the kitchen zinc and stand on it and say that I was to wash my bowls and cups in physical skill When I was the age of 2 years old, I and my mother used to go to church and copy was the pastor it says for amen. When I see my friends crying I also follow them and start to cry too in social skill When I was the age of 2 years old, I become jealous of my friends when their parents has brought them a new bicycle and I begins to show my defiant behaviour in emotional skill When I was the age of 2 years old, I use shape sorter to arrange them in order in a simple size and I learn how to sing a simple rhymes for example halleluiah in intellectual skill.

Animal Farm- Comming to power essays

Animal Farm- Comming to power essays In George Orwells Story Animal Farm we read about the overthrown of an established power system by the characters that, at the beginning, dont fully realized that they usurp the same power. Animal Farm takes place at the Manor Farm, in England. One day an aged boar, Old Major, was preaching to his fellows animals, comrades from the farm, about a dream he has. His sermon was about great visions and beautiful horizons for all the animals in the world. The enemy of all the animals was man , tyrant that feeds on the misery of all the animals. Only his overthrowing could end their doomed, tragic lives. The rebellion against their enemy was coming. The old pigs idealistic visions of the animal world in which all animals are equal, had been exciting news for all the four-legged gatherers, who had been listening to the eye-opening slogans of freedom, especially to the pigs who settled down in the straw immediately in front of the platform. The story of the Orwells novel Animal Farm continues revealing more and more the pigs hungry craving for power. Soon after the brilliant speech of Old Major, the boar died but his dreams about the animal freedom, executed only through the rebellion against the man, were not forgotten. Particularly the pigs, considered the smartest of all the animals in the farm, were eager to get started the necessary preparations for the future rebellion against the man. Two leading brains of the preparations were Snowball and Napoleon. Not long after the death of Old Major, the rebellion became the reality. The master of the Manor Farm, Mr.Jones ,was driven out from the farm by the hungry and neglected animals. The farm, was renamed, by the new owners, the Animal Farm. A new era of freedom had come to the insignificant farm in England. The freedom of all animals could echoed in the bleating of sheep : Four legs good, two legs bad. Since Ol...

Operations and Logistics in Riordan Manufacturing Essays

Operations and Logistics in Riordan Manufacturing Essays Operations and Logistics in Riordan Manufacturing Essay Operations and Logistics in Riordan Manufacturing Essay Radians current operations ND logistics and suggestions for improvements will be described. Ordain Manufacturing Operations and Logistics Product Development Product development at Ordain Involves Idea generation, product design, detail engineering, market research and market analysis. This team is responsible for creating, modifying and releasing drawings and word drawings on CAD systems, designing and developing new products, and designing marketing research projects. The operations under product development also include analyzing results, designing and managing. Designing and producing of planned marketing orgasm, evaluating technical and economic factors, recommending engineering and manufacturing actions for attainment of design objectives of process of product is yet another operation under product development assisting in the success of Ordain. Quality Management- Quality team coordinates and directs quality control programs designed to ensure continuous production of products consistent with established standards (Apollo, 2004). Ordain takes quality management serious and the operations, which take place to ensure quality control, quality assurance, and laity Improvement as well as the measures taken to focus on product quality Is extensive and detailed. Operations and Logistics- Logistics team analyze production schedules and determine inbound and outbound logistics needed for assigned plants as well as direct and coordinate program activities with vendors and customers. Logistics team also schedule inbound and outbound shipments, compute freight rates, and direct and coordinate activities of international operations. The Warranty Service team receives records and distributes work orders to service crews upon customers quests for service (Apollo, 2004). Operations and Logistics Systems Ordain Manufacturing utilizes two systems In their operations and logistics Inventory System: used to enter material reception Information, processes. material usage, new inventory sub assembly and final product manufacturing, as well products Tanat nave Eden snapped to ten customer. system: Sales department keeps customer order information in this system. The shipping team uses this system to identify which products and quantity must they draw out of the inventory system. Shipping team also records truck number, date and mime of shipment for tracking purposes. A clerk manually enters most of inventory and shipping information into inventory as well customer shipping and billing systems. Material Reception: Receiving area supervisor received materials during the day, then delivers log to inventory clerk at the end of this. Clerk manually feeds the system. Manufacturing: Manufacturing staff completes inventory usage form; inventory clerk manually feeds system with this data. As manufacturing builds products, staff delivers a form to inventory clerk for manually updating the system tit new inventory information. Shipping: Shipping team fulfills orders based on customer shipping and billing system information. Inventory clerk updates inventory system based on what has been shipped to customer. Ordain Manufacturing Recommended Systems Ordain Manufacturing can greatly improve logistics of the process from raw goods to final products. Ideally, Ordain would be able to process under a zero inventory system. A shipment of raw goods would come in once a day to cover all orders for the day. The receiving area supervisor should have a hand held system here he can find the order of products and check off that it has arrived. This would let the manufacturing sector know that the raw goods are available to for use. The computer system, would then replace the need for the inventory clerk at this point in the process. Manufacturing the raw materials into a product will require the inventory clerk to keep track of what is going to manufacturing and assembly verse going to sub assembly and final productions. The inventory clerk should know where these goods are at all times. At the end of the shift the inventory clerk should have a detailed list f where all the products are in the manufacturing process. Orders are called in by the customers and are entered into the customer shipping and billing system. When the order is entered it should trigger a tally into the system that orders the raw materials. When the order is complete in the manufacturing phase it will be shipped out to the customer. When the order is placed on the truck the boxes should be scanned into a tracking system and will be removed from the inventory list. At the end of the day the inventory clerk will verify what the system says was shipped really was sent to the client. Conclusion There are several areas of improvement opportunity at Radians operations and logistics departments. The key is to minimize manual information gathering and move into a more automated system that can track inventory levels, materials placement, and material storage as well as shipment information accurately, seamlessly and in real time. The organization could benefit from the use of RIFF and Bar codes; nevertheless the technology is important but the process as well.

Organization (Mod 3 SLP PoM) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organization (Mod 3 SLP PoM) - Essay Example This essay includes three parts mainly highlighting the importance of organizing within a military contracting organization, named Northbridge Services Group. Along with this, it also includes the role played by various elements like work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control and centralization or decentralization of organizing in different organizational structures. Organizing is described as a procedure which includes vivid planning and scheduling of varied ideas and information in order to reduce the negative impacts and to enhance the success of the plan or strategy like restructuring or alliance or others. The concept of organizing is used so that the plan or strategy gets accepted by all the employees thereby enhancing its scope of success (Vlasic, 2013). Thus, it is extremely essential for any organization, operating in any segment. Likewise, the concept of organizing is also essential for a military contracting company named Northbridge Services Group, as it offers varied types of services like advices, trainings, operational and intelligent support and many others to governments, multi-national corporations and many others. So, for them, organizing is extremely essential in order to offer their services appropriately that may enhance their level of standards and brand value (Higgins & Green, 2012). Organizational design is described as the structure of an organization. It varies from one organization to another like simple, hierarchical, matrix and many others. On the basis of the structure of the organization, the roles and responsibilities of the employees are delegated. Like, the organization of Northbridge Services Group comprises of a simple structure. In this type of structure, maximum extent of the decisions is taken by the high level authorities of the organization. Along with this, grouping of job responsibilities (decentralization), work specialization or job distribution, unity of command or

PsyInfo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PsyInfo - Essay Example This entails applying social work ethical principles, applying critical thinking, accepting diversity and difference, advancing human rights and social and economic justice, and engaging in practice that is research-informed among other things. 3. The primary functions of the National Association of social Works include, advancing sound social policies, maintaining professional standards of practice and providing services that protect the members and their status as professional social workers. 4. Clinical social works have master's or doctorate degrees in social work with an emphasis on mental health services and clinical experiences. 5. The history of social work is intimately tied in with helping poor people. It is possible to say it some its formal origins as urban missions came together to help people during the early years of the Industrial Revolution and mass migration during the 19th century. Eventually professionals came together in New York City and in 1889 with Jane Addams and the Hull House in Chicago. Adams also created the settlement house movement that involved providing assistance to the poor. Ida M. Cannon developed and head a multi-disciplinary social work department at a Boston hospital that become influential.

District Budgetary Overview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

District Budgetary Overview - Essay Example The schools in the district would require prepare a budget for the period of July, 1 to June, 30 and submit the same for sanction of the governing body by July, 15. The three generally accepted accounting practices include the incremental budgeting, the zero based budgeting and the planning, programming, budgeting system. The incremental budgeting is done the district school where they adjust the budget of the previous year to that of the next year (Hosted, 2012). The zero based budgeting includes starting he budgeting at the beginning of the year. The planning, programming and the budgeting system includes the cost on a per pupil basis. Due to this accounting practice, the fluctuation of the budget is eliminated due to change of demographics. The superintendent and school board responsibilities for building a budget The responsibility of the superintendent and the school board is crucial for building the budget. The responsibilities range from forecasting the enrolment for the next year as compared to the current years, take feedbacks from the supporting staffs and confirm the final budget. The actual enrolment figures are tallied against the projected figures to produce an error free budget. The feedback from the operational staffs is taken to make necessary adjustment for meet the unplanned expenses. The final budget is prepared and presented to the school board for approval. The school board cross checks the evaluations and finally approves the budget for implementation. Key budget terminology The budget is a plan for the financial year in order to meet the expected expenses from the anticipated revenues. The key budget terminologies range from the accounting terminologies to financial terms and accountability of the governing body. Specific terminologies like revenues, expenses, accountability, cash flow, control, fiscal, forecast, supporting schedule are important. The budgetary revenues are the anticipated sources of income for the school and the budgeta ry expenses are the anticipated usage of funds of the school. The cash flow is budgeted and is based on the difference between the budgetary revenues and the budgetary expenses. The budgetary expenses are prepared for a fiscal of one year based on the forecast of the events anticipated in future. A supporting schedule of revenues and expenses are attached in the budget in order to indicate the time line of the cash flows. How the funds in the budget are balanced and coordinated The funds in the budget mainly comprise of government funds and fiduciary funds used for the development of the district schools and its operations. The government funds are allocated as per the specification of the government. The fiduciary funds are the funds available from sources other than the government. The funds are balanced and co-ordinate through budgetary control. The budgetary control is implemented with the help of periodic reports. The reports help to understand the gap between the actual expens es and the budgeted expenses. Thus monitoring and control of budgetary expenses help to balance and co-ordinate the funds (Warren,  Reeve and  Duchac, 2008). The budget monitoring and control is a significant aspect for controlling the expenses against the budgeted figures and provide the direction to achieve the target budgeted plan. The district's budget timeline The timeline for the budget the district is for a period of one fiscal year.